If this problem is on the final exam, I will provide you with a copy of Grandjean et al. (1998).

1a. Drawing on the facts in Grandjean et al. (1998), write a sentence that correctly uses each of the following words:

correlation:

control for:

control group:

confounded:

experiment:

observational study:

1b. What correlation did Grandjean et al. (1998) find? (one sentence answer)

1c. Give an example of a factor that the Grandjean et al. study controls for, and a factor that it does not control for. (two sentence answer)

1d. What are the primary confounding variables that Grandjean et al. are concerned with? (one or two sentence answer)