1a. Answer this question drawing broadly on your knowledge of administrative law. Provide an example of a legal claim that must be proved with reference to scientific knowledge. Also provide an example of a legal claim that can be proved without reference to scientific knowledge. (one paragraph answer)

1b. Even when litigating in heavily scientific areas (such as control of methylmercury), it is often advantageous to focus on claims that are not directly and overtly scientific. Explain. (one to two paragraph answer)

1c. Scientists use fruit flies as a model organism, to study human genetics. Fruit flies are much easier to study than are humans, and as it turns out, much of what we learn about the genetics of fruit flies is directly relevant to humans. As discussed in class, certain types of legal claims can be thought of as being models of other types of legal claims. Explain, perhaps providing an example. (one to two paragraph answer)