What is risk?
Breyer, S. 1993. Breaking the vicious cycle: Towards effective risk regulation. Excerpts from Chpt. 1. Page 1
Felsot, A.S. 1998. Numbers, numbers everywhere--and not a drop of meaning. J. Environmental Law and Litigation 13: 91. Excerpts. Page 10
Ames, B.N. and L.S. Gold. 1998. The causes and prevention of cancer: The role of environment. Biotherapy 11: 205-220. Excerpts. Page 21
McGinnis, J.M. and W.H. Foege. 1993. Actual causes of death in the United States. JAMA 270: 2207-2212. Page 25
The central elements of a risk assessment
U.S. National Research Council. 1983. Risk assessment in the federal government: Managing the process. (The "Red Book") National Academy Press. Washington, D.C. Excerpts from the Summary, Introduction, and Chapter 1 Page 31
US Office Management and Budget. 2006. Proposed risk assessment bulletin. Excerpts. Page 51
Rice, D.G. 2003. Testimony before Senate Environment and Public Works Committee. July 29, 2003. Page 59
National Research Council. 2000. Toxicological effects of methylmercury. Preface, Executive Summary, and Figures 7-4 and 7-5. Page 63
US EPA. 1998. Mercury study report to Congress---Overview. Page 82
Bolger, P.M. and B.A. Schwetz. 2002. Mercury and health. New England Journal of Medicine 347: 1735-1736. Page 86
Clarkson, T.W. et al. 2003. The toxicology of mercury---Current exposures and clinical manifestations. New England Journal of Medicine 349: 1731-1737. Page 88
A key scientific paper
Grandjean, P. et al. 1998. Cognitive performance of children prenatally exposed to "safe" levels of methylmercury. Environmental Research, Section A 77: 165-177. Page 95
Exposure to methylmercury
Schober, S.E. 2003. Blood mercury levels in US children and women of childbearing age, 1999-2000. JAMA 289: 1667-1674. Page 103
Is methylmercury harmful at low doses: A controversy
Myers, G. 2003. Statement to the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee. July 29, 2003. Page 111
Myers, G.J. et al. 2003. Prenatal methylmercury exposure from ocean fish consumption in the Seychelles child development study. The Lancet 361: 1686-1692. Page 114
Various authors. 2003. Correspondence on the Myers et al. paper. The Lancet. Page 123
Trasande, L. et al. 2005. Public health and economic consequences of methyl mercury toxicity to the developing brain. Environmental Health Perspectives 113: 590-596. Page 129
Various authors. 2006. Correspondence on the Transande et al. paper. Environmental Health Perspectives 114: A399-A401. Page 136
US EPA. 2005. Mercury: Controlling power plant emissions: Decision process and chronology. Page 143
Heinzerling, L. and R.I. Steinzor. 2004a. A perfect storm: Mercury and the Bush administration. 34 ELR 10297. Page 147
Heinzerling, L. and R.I. Steinzor. 2004b. A perfect storm: Mercury and the Bush administration, Part II. 34 ELR 10485 Page 164
Friedland, D.M. and J.R. Grant. 2005. Residual risk standards: 'Phase Two' of Clean Air Act's air toxics provisions. Bureau of National Affairs, Environmental Reporter vol 36, no. 23. 10 June 2005. Page 176
Sandman, P. M. 1985. Getting to maybe. Some communication aspects of siting hazardous waste facilities. Seton Hall Legislative Journal 9: 442. Page 192
Ruckelshaus, W.D. 1984. Risk in a free society. Environmental Law Reporter 14: 10190. Page 205
Administrative law
Citizens to Preserve Overton Park vs. Vople. 1971. 91 S.Ct. 814. Page 214
National Coalition Against Misuse of Pesticides vs. Thomas. 1987. 809 F.2d. 875. (ethylene dibromide case) Page 223
Three key risk assessment cases
Shere, M. 1995. The myth of meaningful risk regulation. Harvard Environmental Law Review 19: 409. Excerpts. Page 232
Industrial Union Department, AFL-CIO vs. American Petroleum Institute. 1980. 100 S.Ct. 2844. Excerpts. (benzene case) Page 240
Public Citizen Health Research Group v. Tyson. 1986. 796 F.2d. 1479. Excerpts. (ethylene oxide case) Page 258
Natural Resources Defense Council v. US EPA. 263 U.S.App.D.C. 166. Excerpts. (vinyl chloride case) Page 273
Risk assessment in federal statutes
FIFRA, TSCA, OSH Act and CERCLA Excerpts. Page 284
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Excerpts. Page 291
Hood, C. et al. 2001. The government of risk. Excerpts. Page 293
Reserve Mining Co. v. EPA. 1975. 514 F.2d 492. Excerpts. (asbestos case) Page 308
Technology-based regulation
Houck, O. 2003. Tales from a troubled marriage: Science and law in environmental policy. Science 302: 1926. Page 311
Babich, A. 2005. Too much science. Environmental Forum. May/June 2005, pages 36-45. Page 315
Cost-benefit analysis
Sunstein, C. 2003. Risk and reason. Excerpts. Page 325
Executive Order 12866 of September 30, 1993. Excerpts. Page 359
American Trucking v. Whitman. 121 S.Ct. 903. Excerpts. Page 361
Ackerman, F. and L. Heinzerling. 2005. Priceless: On knowing the price of everything and the value of nothing. ALI-ABA Continuing Legal Education, February 16-18, 2005. Page 366
Graham, J.D. et al. 2006. Managing the regulatory state: The experience of the Bush administration. 33 Fordam Urban Law Journal 953. Excerpts. Page 376
Faber, D.A. and P.A. Hemmersbaugh. 1993. The shadow of the future: Discount rates, later generations, and the environment. Vanderbilt Law Review 46: 267. Excerpts. Page 385